Impermeable bituminous sheets



Patented .Oct. -13, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE IIVIPERMEABLE BITUMINOUS SHEETS AND METHOD OF APPLYING THEM Jacob Mitchell Fain, Brooklyn, and Adolph Barthel, New York, N. Y.

No Drawing. Application March 21, 1935, Serial No. 12,302

7' Claims- (Cl. 72-14) This invention relates to sheets of impervious material, methods of applying them to surfaces, and to the articles so produced.

The surfaces to which they may be applied may be of concrete, earthenware, metal or wood and may be those of the walls of vats, or tanks, or jars adapted to contain liquids, or of foundation or other walls exposed to moisture.

When so applied they constitute a lining for 10 these walls, if placed upon the inside thereof, or a covering if placed on the outside, but for the sake of brevity the sheets will hereinafter be designated as linings and the forms of the verb line are to be interpreted as equivalents of the verb cover.

The object of the invention is to provide a tact with alkali either contained in the wall or in a liquid in contact with it, no saponification will occur. 2 A further object is to provide a lining of such composition that it will yield neither taste nor.

odor to a liquid in contact therewith. It must be both tasteless and odorless.

A further object of this invention is to provide such a lining or covering as will adhere firmly to the wall surface and penetrate into the interstices thereof over the entire area of the sheet when applied.

A further object of. the invention is to provide such a material of .suflicient hardness as not to be marred and worn off by abrasion of solid particles contained in a liquid which may be in contact therewith.

A further object of the invention is to provide a 40 lining or covering which will not soften at high temperatures nor be marred and worn off by abrasion of solid particles which may be contained in a liquid in contact therewith at such temperatures.

A further object of the invention is to provide a lining which is sufliciently flexible at the temperature at which it is applied to the surface to enable it to be bent and pressed into uneven an curved portions thereof. a

A further object of the invention is to provide a lining for concrete structures which shall be homogeoneous throughout.

Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter. The

invention comprises accordingly a composition of matter having the characteristics, properties and relation of constituents which will be exemplified in the composition hereinafter described, and the scope of the invention will be indicatedin the 5 claims.

The material which we have invented to fulfill the above objects contains an asphaltic constituent having a sufliciently high softening point so that it may retain its shape and hardness 10 when in contact with hot liquids and have a' low saponification value and at the same time add flexibility to the composition. For this material we have found blown petroleum asphalt having a melting point of 220-225 F. suitable. The use 15 of a blown asphalt of higher melting point is not satisfactory, because saponification value increases with the blowing and the resulting material would be affected by alkaline liquid.

7 The function of the petroleum asphalt is to 20 add flexibility to thematerial at the temperature at which it is applied, this temperature being -140 F. The material also contains a second natural asphaltic substance having a still higher softening point and high rigidity. 1

.To such materials we also add a filler which will elevate the softening or melting point of the material and its resistance to fiow at high .temperatures. We have found a finely ground talc suitable for this filler but other materials, such a as silica crushed to similar fineness or. kieselguhr, or in general aluminum silicates may be substituted therefor.

An example of such a composition of material is the following: 35

I Parts Blown petroleumasphalt (220-225 F. melt point) 35 Gilsrmite 35 Talc 30 4o For structures which do not come in contact with hot liquids it is suflicient to omit the gilsonite, in which case the filter may ormay not beincluded.

It is to be understood that each of the constituents named in the above example may be' replaced by other substances having the physical characteristics of these substances and which will yield a material having the characteristics above recited.

This lining or covering which we have invented is manufactured in the form of sheets of suitable size which may be applied to surfaces of walls and be thoroughly bonded thereto in the manner hereinafter described. 66

The method of manufacturing the sheets is as follows:

The materials are heated to a suitable temperature to permit them being mixed together into a smooth homogeneous mass free from air. This material is then cast into sheets and when these are cooled sufficiently each one is forced between a pair of rolls and pressed out to the desired perature so high that in spite of its rapid cool-' thickness. The thickness of the sheet will depend upon the conditions present, and will be determined in each case by the purpose to be served.

We have found a thickness of about one-half inch is passed between rolls and reduced to the desired thickness.

Alternatively the thoroughly mixed material may be placed in a mold and compressed to the proper thickness 'in an ordinary hydraulic press. When it is desired to apply these sheets to a surface they are first placed in an oven and heated to a temperature of 130-140 F. The surface to which the sheets are tobe applied is then heated until all the moisture is driven off, using, I

ordinarily, a torch having an open gas flame or other means of raising the said surface to a teming it will be hot enough to cause the sheet, heated as described below, to bond perfectly and uniformly with it. A torch or similar means is suitable for such heating. The sheet to be applied is then heated on one side until a thin layer of molten material is evident, and is then immediately placed upon the surface with the fused side in contact therewith and carefully pressed into-close contact over its whole area. Adjacent sheets are placed in close contact with each other andthe joints obliterated by heating the 'adjacent edges 'of the sheets and fusing them to- I .erings of this or'roofs of buildings or gether. Any small ridges resulting from this are to be smoothed down with a heated trowel. The seams thus become entirely invisible. In this way a smooth continuous lining or covering is obtained, bonded throughout to the surface.

This liningmaterial can be applied to structur'esof any materials which will not be injured by the necessary heating. These structures may be of wood, various metals or earthenware. The specific structures to which we have applied it are tanks of concrete designed to contain various liquids of acid, alkaline, or neutral materials which will not affect or. be affected by the linings.

,It is self-evident that in such structures the sheets can be applied over the entire inner surface, that is, upon the bottoms, the side walls and the cell-- ings and be so bonded together as to form a unitary lining definitely and firmly bonded upon the surface of "the concrete and into the interstices thereof.

It is also evident that these sheets'can be placed on the outside of, such structures and used as cov-, or other material such as side walls as linings for metallic tanks or tanks of other materials. 'It is self-evident that this method of attaching the sheets to the walls is operative for walls of any material which can be heated to the necessary temperature without destruction thereof, and to which the semi-fused surface of the asphalt sheets will adhere.

The structures which lend themselvesto this I method of afiixing asphaltic material linings, in

addition to those specifically named heretofore, are bins and tanks of iron, steel, copper, zinc, aluminum or any metal which will not be injured by the necessary manipulation as described above.

Since certain changes may be made in the above composition of matter and different embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

1. A method of attaching sheets of asphaltic material to structures of other material which comprises heating the sheets of asphaltic material substantially throughout to a temperature of -140 F-., heating the surface to which they are to be applied, fusing a thin fihn' of one side of the sheets, and pressing theminto close contact at all points upon the said heated surface, the fused film being applied to said surface. I

2. The method of applying sheets of asphaltic material to concrete surfaces, which comprises heating the surface of the concrete, heating the sheets of asphaltic material substantially throughout to a temperature of 130-140 F. and a surface of the sheets to the fusing point, pressing the sheet upon the concrete wall in such a way as to cause contact over its whole surface and entry of the fused material of the fused surface into the interstices of the concrete.

3. The process of rendering a surface acid, alkali and water-proof which comprises heating said surface to an elevated temperature until it is completely dry and pressing upon said heated surface a. sheet of asphaltic' mateilalhaving a temperature throughout of between 130 and F. and further having the side of each which is forced into interstices of the concrete surface an anchors the asphaltic material thereto.

5. The process of claim 4 in which the edges of the sheets are placed in close contact and subsequently fused, and caused to flow together into a continuous sheet by pressure applied to. the 7 Joints.

6. The process of rendering a concrete tank acid, alkali and water proof which comprises heating the inside surfacethere'of to an elevated temperature until it is completely dry, pressing against said heated surface sheets of fusible 75 plastic acidialkali: and water proof material having a substantially uniform temperature throughout of from 130 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, and further having one surface incipiently fused until the incipiently fused material, over its entire surface, is forced into interstices of the concrete surface and anchors the said sheet thereto.

7. The process of lining the inside of a concrete tank with sheets of a fusible acid, alkali and water-proof material which comprises heating the inner surface of said tank, heating the sheets of fusible material substantially throughout to 130- 140 1",, and further a surface of each sheet to.

the fusing point, pressing the sheets upon the tact, fusing the edges together and dressing the fused edges with a hot trowel.

JACOB MITCHELL FAIN. ADOLPH BARTHEL.

surface of the tank in'such a way as to cause con- 1 

